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The Pacific giant octopus is the largest species in the world, with one specimen weighing 270 kg and stretching more than nine metres long.

The Wolfi octopus, also known as the Star-Sucker Pygmy octopus, is the world’s smallest octopus.

The green turtle is so named because the fat layer underneath the carapace (shell) is green.

Loggerhead turtles, named for their large heads, are the most common turtle in southern Africa.

Hawksbill turtles are named for their curved beaks, and enter South African waters as strays.

Leatherback turtles are the only turtle species without a hard carapace.

The Olive Ridley turtle, so named for the olive-green colour of its shell, is the smallest turtle in South African waters.

Sea bamboo is the largest species of kelp in South Africa, growing up to 12 metres tall.

Bladder kelp is delicate kelp that can reach a maximum length of 12 metres.

Spined kelp is the smallest species of kelp in South Africa, rarely growing over one metre tall.

Split-fan kelp is the most common species in South Africa, although it prefers deeper water.

Emperor penguins are the largest species of penguin. They live solely in the Antarctic, huddling together in the thousands to escape the wind and conserve warmth.